Son of Ham

The sons of Ham: Cush, Egypt, Put, and Canaan. - Genesis 10:6

AKA Mizraim. A descendant of Ham. (Genesis 10:6-20)

Name Meaning: "Double straits" (Literal Word app)
Father: Ham (Genesis 5:32)
Siblings: Cush, Put, Canaan (Genesis 10:6)
Sons: Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, Casluhim (from whom the Philistines came), Caphtorim.

Bible History

Pharaoh takes and returns Sarai

After receiving the Abrahamic Covenant and learning about the Promised Land of Canaan, Abram traveled in Canaan until severe famine drove him to Egypt. In Egypt, he lied about Sarai being his sister, and she was taken into Pharaoh's house. The Lord struck his house with great plagues, so Pharaoh returned her, accused Abram of lying, and sent them away, so Abram went into the Negeb. While still deceived, he had given Abram sheep, ox en, male and female donkeys, male and female servants, and camels. (Genesis 12-13:1)

When Abram and Lot split ways after leaving Egypt, Lot saw the Jordan Valley was well water ed everywhere like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, in the direction of Zoar, so he settled in Sodom there. (Genesis 13)

Ishmael's wife

Hagar the Egyptian took a wife for her son Ishmael from the land of Egypt. (Genesis 21:21)

Samuel

The LORD brought the Israelites out of Egypt. (Jeremiah 2:6) When Jacob went into Egypt, and the Egyptians oppressed them, Israel's fathers cried out to the LORD and the LORD sent Moses and Aaron, who brought your fathers out of Egypt and made them dwell in this place. (1 Samuel 12:8-9)

David raids Egypt but tells Achish he raids his own people

After fleeing from Saul to Philistia with Achish the son of Maoch, king of Gath, David made Ziklag his base of operations for military exploits against the Geshurites, Girzites, and Amalekites as far as Shur, to the land of Egypt. He reported his raids back to Achish as against the Negeb of Judah, Jerahmeelites, and Kenites and gained Achish's trust. (1 Samuel 27)

An Egyptian leads David to Ziklag's people and possessions

A dying Egyptian servant to an Amalekite raider betrayed the band's position to David, and he was able to recover his wives and all the people of Ziklag and all the things stolen and more, the herds of the band. (1 Samuel 30)

More References

Jeremiah spoke the Word of God and asked Israel in the hearing of Jerusalem what they gain by going to Egypt to drink the waters of the Nile. Jeremiah prophesied Israel will be put to shame by Egypt as they were put to shame by Assyria. (Jeremiah 2:36)

We have given the hand to Egypt, and to Assyria, to get bread enough (Lamentations 5:6)

An angel of the Lord warned Joseph in a dream to flee with his family to Egypt before Herod finds and destroys Jesus. This was to fulfill the prophecy "Out of Egypt I called my son." (Matthew 2:13-15, Hosea 1 1:1)

Ptolemaic Dynasty

Between the time of Alexander the Great's death and the 2nd century B.C., the Ptolemaic dynasty ruled Egypt.

Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., his empire was divided among his four generals. As part of this division, Judea was initially awarded to Seleucus I, but it was swiftly annexed by Ptolemy of Egypt in 320 B.C. This move added significant cultural and religious diversity to Egypt, as Ptolemy encouraged Jewish migration to his lands.

Ptolemy V died suddenly, leaving a power vacuum that was quickly exploited by Antiochus III of Syria, who annexed Judea. The Egyptian army attempted to halt his advance but suffered defeat near Sidon in 198 B.C. After this defeat, Judea ceased being part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and became a part of the Seleucid kingdom.

This loss mark ed the beginning of the decline of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, as regional powers like the Seleucid kingdom and the emerging Roman Republic began asserting their influence. Despite these challenges, Egypt under the Ptolemies remained a significant cultural and economic power in the Mediterranean region until the end of their dynasty."

(The Origin of the Bible: Newly Updated by F. F. Bruce, J. I. Packer, Philip W. Comfort, and Carl F. H. Henry, 2020. Old Testament and New Testament Apocrypha by R. K. Harrison, Page 80-81.)

History of Writing

Egyptian hieroglyphic picture-writing was an independent development, perhaps under the stimulus of earlier Sumerian writing. Not long after king Menes in 3000 B.C., a phonetic system of hieroglyphics seems to have been developed.

(The Origin of the Bible: Newly Updated by F. F. Bruce, J. I. Packer, Philip W. Comfort, and Carl F. H. Henry, 2020. Literature in Bible Times by Milton C. Fish er, Page 101-102.)

Papyrus was used as early as Egypt's First Dynasty. The plant was abundant across the Nile Delta at that time.

Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the 4th millennium B.C.

The earliest archaeological evidence of papyrus was excavated in 2012-2013 at Wadi al-Jarf. The papyrus rolls, the Diary of Merer, date from circa 2560-2550 B.C., from the end of Khufu's reign.