In Plato's and the Gnostic teachings of Valentinus, the lower world of phenomena. Contrasts with the pleroma.
(https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15256a.htm [IRENAEUS, Against Heresies I.1 seq. and III.4; HIPPOLYTUS, Philosophumena, VI, 20-37; | TERTULLIAN, Adv. Valentin.; EPIPHANIUS, Haer., XXXI; THEODORET, Haer. Fab., I, 7; HEINRICI, Die Valentin. Gnosis u. die heilige Schrift (Berlin, 1871). See bibliography to GNOSTICISM.])